Distinct positive zeros of the derivative-polynomial combinations

Let A0(x)=x(1+x2)3/2A_0(x)=x(1+x^2)^{-3/2} and B0(x)=(1+x2)3/2B_0(x)=(1+x^2)^{-3/2}, and let AlA_l and BlB_l be their ll-th derivatives. Write

Al(x)=Pl(x)(1+x2)(2l+3)/2,Bl(x)=Ql(x)(1+x2)(2l+3)/2,A_l(x)=\frac{P_l(x)}{(1+x^2)^{(2l+3)/2}},\qquad B_l(x)=\frac{Q_l(x)}{(1+x^2)^{(2l+3)/2}},

where PlP_l and QlQ_l are the corresponding polynomials. Suppose that γl\gamma_l are real numbers which are not all zero.

Polynomial distinct-zeros conjecture. The positive real zeros of the polynomials

l=0Lγl(1+x2)LlxlPl(x)\sum_{l=0}^L\gamma_l(1+x^2)^{L-l}x^lP_l(x)

and

l=0Lγl(1+x2)LlxlQl(x)\sum_{l=0}^L\gamma_l(1+x^2)^{L-l}x^lQ_l(x)

are distinct.

This is presented as another version of the preceding conjecture. The source notes that interlacing and universal reality of the zeros fail in examples, but distinctness is conjectured and remains unresolved.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Tamas Erdelyi, Joseph Rosenblatt and Rebecca Rosenblatt, “Asymptotic Directions for the Zero Sets of the Components of an Electrical Field from a Finite Number of Point Charges on the Plane Part II”, arXiv:2208.12857 (2022).

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