Averages of root numbers in elliptic-surface families

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Let π ⁣:X→P1\pi\colon X\to\mathbb{P}^1 be an elliptic surface defined over Q\mathbb{Q}. Fix an affine chart A1⊆P1\mathbb{A}^1\subseteq\mathbb{P}^1 with affine coordinate tt, and suppose that π\pi has a fibre of multiplicative reduction on A1\mathbb{A}^1. For smooth fibres at integer parameters, consider their global root numbers w(Xn)w(X_n). Then

lim⁡X→∞1X∑1≤n≤Xπ has a smooth fibre at t=nw(Xn)=0.\lim_{X\to\infty}\frac{1}{X}\sum_{\substack{1\le n\le X\\ \pi\text{ has a smooth fibre at }t=n}}w(X_n)=0.

Averages of root numbers conjecture. The average root number in this family is zero. Helfgott gives strong support and proves the assertion for several elliptic surfaces under suitable analytic-number-theory hypotheses, but it is not known in the stated generality.

References

Primary source

Natalia Garcia-Fritz and Hector Pasten, “A Diophantine definition of the constants in Q(z)”, arXiv:2208.11616 (2022).

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