Asymptotic distribution conjecture for twisted Iwasawa lambda-invariants

Let χ\chi be a fixed Dirichlet character, set m=ord(χ)m=\operatorname{ord}(\chi), and let θX(r)(χ)\theta_{\leqslant X}^{(r)}(\chi) count primes pXp\leqslant X for which the corrected χ\chi-twisted Iwasawa lambda-invariant equals rr. Asymptotic distribution conjecture. As XX tends to infinity,

limXθX(0)(χ)X/logX=1,\lim_{X\to\infty}\frac{\theta_{\leqslant X}^{(0)}(\chi)}{X/\log X}=1, limXθX(1)(χ)loglogX=1φ(ord(χ)),\lim_{X\to\infty}\frac{\theta_{\leqslant X}^{(1)}(\chi)}{\log\log X}=\frac{1}{\varphi(\operatorname{ord}(\chi))},

and θX(r)(χ)\theta_{\leqslant X}^{(r)}(\chi) is bounded above when r2r\geqslant 2. This prediction follows from the random matrix model and the prime number theorem, describing the expected scarcity of primes with positive or large twisted lambda-invariant.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Daniel Delbourgo and Heiko Knospe, “On Iwasawa λ-invariants for abelian number fields and random matrix heuristics”, arXiv:2207.06287 (2022).

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