Proportion conjecture for chi-regular primes

Let χ\chi be a Dirichlet character, and let ord(χ)\operatorname{ord}(\chi) denote its order. A prime pp is χ\chi-regular when the relevant even twists χωi\chi\omega^i have vanishing Iwasawa lambda-invariant, with the corrected invariant used when χωi(p)=1\chi\omega^i(p)=1. Proportion conjecture for chi-regular primes. For a fixed character χ\chi, the proportion of χ\chi-regular primes is

1+e1/21φ(ord(χ)),1+\frac{e^{-1/2}-1}{\varphi(\operatorname{ord}(\chi))},

while the proportion of χ\chi-irregular primes is

1e1/2φ(ord(χ)).\frac{1-e^{-1/2}}{\varphi(\operatorname{ord}(\chi))}.

For the trivial character this gives the familiar predicted proportion e1/2e^{-1/2} of regular primes; the prediction is derived from the preceding random-matrix heuristic and is supported by numerical data.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Daniel Delbourgo and Heiko Knospe, “On Iwasawa λ-invariants for abelian number fields and random matrix heuristics”, arXiv:2207.06287 (2022).

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