Line-middle graph inequality conjecture for outer-connected domination

Let GG be a graph of order n2n\ge 2, and let L(G)L(G) and M(G)M(G) denote its line graph and middle graph, respectively. The line-middle graph inequality conjecture asserts that

γ~c(L(G))γ~c(M(G)).\gamma{\tilde{}} _{c}(L(G)) \le \gamma{\tilde{}} _{c}(M(G)).

The inequality is supported by the preceding results, including strict inequality for wheels of order at least five; equality occurs for at least one connected graph of order four. A classification of graphs for which equality holds is posed separately as an open problem, while the general inequality remains open.

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Primary source

Farshad Kazemnejad, Behnaz Pahlavsay, Elisa Palezzato and Michele Torielli, “Connected and outer-connected domination number of middle graphs”, arXiv:2206.15439 (2022).

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