Conjectural quadratic-factor counts for the Hasse invariant of E7E_7

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Let l>7l>7 be prime with l≡1,6(mod7)l\equiv1,6\pmod7. Let H^7,l(x)\hat H_{7,l}(x) be the Hasse-invariant polynomial, and let N2N_2 count irreducible quadratic factors x2+ax+bx^2+ax+b dividing it modulo ll and satisfying B(a,b)≡0(modl)B(a,b)\equiv0\pmod l, where

B(x,y)=x3+(−5y+8)x2+(−8y2+6y+5)x−y3−5y2+8y−1.B(x,y)=x^3+(-5y+8)x^2+(-8y^2+6y+5)x-y^3-5y^2+8y-1.

Equivalently, a≡(α−1)b−α(modl)a\equiv(\alpha-1)b-\alpha\pmod l for some root α∈Fl\alpha\in\mathbb F_l of x3−8x2+5x+1≡0(modl)x^3-8x^2+5x+1\equiv0\pmod l. Conjectural quadratic-factor formula. If l≡1(mod7)l\equiv1\pmod7, then

N2={32h(−7l)−(1−(−3l)),l≡1(mod8),3h(−7l)−(1−(−3l)),l≡5(mod8),frac34h(−7l)−(1−(−3l)),l≡3(mod4).N_2=\begin{cases}\frac32h(-7l)-\left(1-\left(\frac{-3}{l}\right)\right),&l\equiv1\pmod8,\\3h(-7l)-\left(1-\left(\frac{-3}{l}\right)\right),&l\equiv5\pmod8,\\frac34h(-7l)-\left(1-\left(\frac{-3}{l}\right)\right),&l\equiv3\pmod4.\end{cases}

If l≡6(mod7)l\equiv6\pmod7, then

N2={32h(−7l)−(4−(−3l)),l≡1(mod8),3h(−7l)−(4−(−3l)),l≡5(mod8),frac34h(−7l)−(4−(−3l)),l≡3(mod4).N_2=\begin{cases}\frac32h(-7l)-\left(4-\left(\frac{-3}{l}\right)\right),&l\equiv1\pmod8,\\3h(-7l)-\left(4-\left(\frac{-3}{l}\right)\right),&l\equiv5\pmod8,\\frac34h(-7l)-\left(4-\left(\frac{-3}{l}\right)\right),&l\equiv3\pmod4.\end{cases}

The claim gives a class-number formula for this constrained family of irreducible quadratic factors.

References

Primary source

Patrick Morton, “The Hasse invariant of the Tate normal form E_7 and the supersingular polynomial for the Fricke group Γ_0^*(7)”, arXiv:2206.09801 (2023).

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