Rowland–Yassawi's conjecture on Motzkin numbers modulo prime squares

Let M(n)M(n) denote the nnth Motzkin number. The question concerns primes pp for which p2p^2 never divides any Motzkin number.

Rowland–Yassawi's conjecture. For each p{31,37,61}p\in\{31,37,61\} and every nZ0n\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0},

M(n)≢0(modp2).M(n)\mathrel{\not\equiv}0\pmod{p^2}.

This is part of the open question of whether infinitely many primes have this property. The primes 55 and 1313 are already known to have it, while the assertion for 3131, 3737, and 6161 remains open in the supplied source.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Armin Straub, “On congruence schemes for constant terms and their applications”, arXiv:2205.09902 (2022).

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