Hellerstein–Shen–Williamson conjecture on real meromorphic functions

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Let ff be a real transcendental meromorphic function in the plane with at least one pole, meaning that f(R)⊆R∪{∞}f(\mathbb R)\subseteq\mathbb R\cup\{\infty\}. Assume that all zeros and poles of ff, f′f' and f”f” are real, and that all poles of ff are simple. Hellerstein–Shen–Williamson conjecture. Then

f(z)=Ctan⁡(az+b)+Dz+E,f(z)=C\tan(az+b)+Dz+E,

where a,b,C,D,E∈Ra,b,C,D,E\in\mathbb R. The paper proves a special case of this classification problem for real meromorphic functions; the supplied evidence does not establish that this full conjecture has been resolved.

References

Primary source

J. K. Langley, “A special case of a conjecture of Hellerstein, Shen and Williamson”, arXiv:2204.02702 (2023).

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