Second-order low-density expansion conjecture for the dilute three-body Bose gas

Let e3Be_{\rm 3B} denote the ground-state energy per unit volume in the thermodynamic limit, let ρ\rho be the particle density, and let bM(V)b_{\mathcal M}(V) be the three-body scattering parameter. For fixed interaction potential VV, consider the low-density limit ρ0\rho\to0. Then Low-density expansion conjecture.

e3B=16ρ3bM(V)(1+CTL(2)(V)ρ+o(ρ)),e_{\rm 3B}=\frac{1}{6}\rho^3b_{\mathcal M}(V)\left(1+C^{(2)}_{\rm TL}(V)\rho+o(\rho)\right),

with a constant CTL(2)(V)RC^{(2)}_{\rm TL}(V)\in\mathbb R. This predicts a second-order correction to the leading dilute three-body energy and raises the question of whether the correction is universal; its validity and the nature of the coefficient remain open.

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Primary source

Phan Thành Nam, Julien Ricaud and Arnaud Triay, “Dilute Bose gas with three-body interaction: recent results and open questions”, arXiv:2202.13967 (2022).

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