Tensor-product Fourier dual-certificate conjecture for Hadamard matrices

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Let U(d)U(d) be the unitary group, let ν\nu be normalized Haar measure on U(d)U(d), let ee be its identity, and let μ[H]\mu_{[\bm H]} be the smoothed measure associated with the equivalence class of a Hadamard matrix H∈U(d)\bm H\in U(d). Dual-certificate conjecture. For every dd, there exists a Hadamard matrix H∈U(d)\bm H\in U(d) such that

δe+dμ[H]⪰(d+1)ν,\delta_e+d\mu_{[\bm H]}\succeq(d+1)\nu,

or equivalently, μ[H]^(π)⪰−1dI\widehat{\mu_{[\bm H]}}(\pi)\succeq-\frac1d\bm I for every irreducible representation π\pi of U(d)U(d). If d=p1k1⋯pmkmd=p_1^{k_1}\cdots p_m^{k_m} is the prime factorization of dd, one can take

H=⨂k=1mFpk⊗kk.\bm H=\bigotimes_{k=1}^m\bm F_{p_k}^{\otimes k_k}.

Such a certificate would imply the conjectured dimension-independent lower bound B(d)=d+1B(d)=d+1. The construction is motivated by observed tensor-product patterns in known mutually unbiased bases, but its validity remains to be verified.

References

Primary source

Afonso S. Bandeira, Nikolaus Doppelbauer and Dmitriy Kunisky, “Dual bounds for the positive definite functions approach to mutually unbiased bases”, arXiv:2202.13259 (2022).

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