Refinement of the Heide–Saxl–Tiep–Zalesski conjecture for split squares

For n10n\ge10, let P(n)P(n) be the set of partitions of nn, and let [λ][\lambda] denote the irreducible character of SnS_n indexed by λ\lambda. Refinement of the HSTZ conjecture. There exists λP(n)\lambda\in P(n) such that S2([λ])S^2([\lambda]) contains every irreducible character of SnS_n except possibly [1n][1^n]. There exists μP(n)\mu\in P(n) such that A2([μ])A^2([\mu]) contains all irreducible characters except [n][n], [n1,1][n-1,1], [n2,2][n-2,2], and possibly [1n][1^n]. Moreover, for every n10n\ge10 there is a symmetric partition λ\lambda optimal for both split parts in this sense; and if a symmetric partition is optimal for A2([λ])A^2([\lambda]), missing only the three or four stated constituents, then [λ]2[\lambda]^2 contains all irreducible characters. This is presented as a computationally motivated strengthening of the HSTZ conjecture and remains open.

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Primary source

Christine Bessenrodt and Chris Bowman, “Splitting Kronecker squares, 2-decomposition numbers, Catalan Combinatorics, and the Saxl conjecture”, arXiv:2202.03066 (2023).

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