Popular-difference density conjecture for three-point matrix patterns in the integer lattice

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Let M1M_1 and M2M_2 be 2×22\times2 matrices with integer entries such that M2−M1M_2-M_1 has full rank. For any α,ε>0\alpha,\varepsilon>0, there exists N0=N0(α,ε)∈NN_0=N_0(\alpha,\varepsilon)\in\mathbb N such that, whenever N≥N0N\ge N_0 and A⊆1,…,N2A\subseteq\\{1,\dots,N\\}^2 satisfies ∣A∣≥αN2|A|\ge\alpha N^2, there is a vector n⃗∈Z2\vec n\in\mathbb Z^2 with M1n⃗,M2n⃗≠0M_1\vec n,M_2\vec n\ne0 for which

\left|\left\{\vec x\in\mathbb Z^2:\{\vec x,\vec x+M_1\vec n,\vec x+M_2\vec n\\}\subseteq A\right\}\right|>(\alpha^3-\varepsilon)N^2.

Popular-difference density conjecture. The displayed lower bound holds for every pair of matrices satisfying the stated full-rank condition. The conjecture is a finitary form of the corresponding Khintchine-type recurrence question for Z2\mathbb Z^2 and would determine a broad class of popular difference densities; the general three-point matrix-pattern problem is described as open.

References

Primary source

Ethan Ackelsberg, Vitaly Bergelson and Or Shalom, “Khintchine-type recurrence for 3-point configurations”, arXiv:2201.03924 (2022).

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