Decay conjecture for the wave equation in hyperbolic FLRW universes

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Let ϕ\phi be a solution of the wave equation in a hyperbolic FLRW universe, with scale factor satisfying the Friedmann equations with zero cosmological constant and equation of state parameter ww. Assume that the initial data ϕ0(x)≔ϕ(t0,x)\phi_0(x)\coloneqq\phi(t_0,x) and ϕ1(x)≔∂tϕ(t0,x)\phi_1(x)\coloneqq\partial_t\phi(t_0,x) are sufficiently regular and belong to appropriate Sobolev spaces.

Decay conjecture in the hyperbolic case.

∥ϕ(t,⋅)∥L∞(H3)≲{(1+t)−2,w≥13,(1+t)−3(w+1)2,0≤w≤13.\|\phi(t,\cdot)\|_{L^{\infty}(\mathbb{H}^3)}\lesssim\begin{cases}(1+t)^{-2},&w\geq\frac13,\\(1+t)^{-\frac{3(w+1)}{2}},&0\leq w\leq\frac13.\end{cases}

Moreover, the decay is slower than (1+t)−3(w+1)2(1+t)^{-\frac{3(w+1)}{2}} for −13<w<0-\frac13<w<0, and there is no decay for −1≤w<−13-1\leq w< -\frac13.

This conjecture describes the expected decay transition for waves on negatively curved FLRW backgrounds. The supplied text motivates it from earlier decay estimates and numerical results, but does not provide a resolution or proof of this hyperbolic case.

References

Primary source

Jose Natario and Flavio Rossetti, “Explicit formulas and decay rates for the solution of the wave equation in cosmological spacetimes”, arXiv:2112.00771 (2022).

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