Random projection of norm rate of invariance

From papers

Let XX be a random vector in Rn\mathbb{R}^n with independent and identically distributed entries,

X=[x1xn].X=\begin{bmatrix}x_1\\ \vdots\\ x_n\end{bmatrix}.

Assume that Ex1=0\mathbb{E}x_1=0, Ex12=1\mathbb{E}x_1^2=1, and Ex14=1+σ2\mathbb{E}x_1^4=1+\sigma^2 for 0<σ<0<\sigma<\infty. Let S:RnRmS:\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}^m be a random matrix with independent entries satisfying ESi,j=0\mathbb{E}S_{i,j}=0 and ESi,j2=1\mathbb{E}S_{i,j}^2=1. Assume that SS and XX are independent and that ES1,18Ex16<c<\mathbb{E}S_{1,1}^8\vee\mathbb{E}|x_1|^6<c<\infty. Let GG be a standard normal random variable. Random projection of norm rate of invariance. Then

suptP(XTSTSXmnσ2m2n+2mn2<t)P(G<t)O(1n+1m),\sup_t\left|\mathbb{P}\left(\frac{X^TS^TSX-mn}{\sqrt{\sigma^2m^2n+2mn^2}}<t\right)-\mathbb{P}(G<t)\right|\le O\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt n}+\frac{1}{\sqrt m}\right),

and

suptP(XTSTSXmnσ2m2n+2mn2<t)P(XTXnσn<t)O(1n+1m).\sup_t\left|\mathbb{P}\left(\frac{X^TS^TSX-mn}{\sqrt{\sigma^2m^2n+2mn^2}}<t\right)-\mathbb{P}\left(\frac{X^TX-n}{\sigma\sqrt n}<t\right)\right|\le O\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt n}+\frac{1}{\sqrt m}\right).

These bounds quantify the rate at which the distribution of the randomly projected norm approaches a Gaussian law and the corresponding standardized norm of XX; the source presents them as a conjecture based on detailed calculations, and does not provide resolution evidence.

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Primary source

Juntao Duan, Ionel Popescu and Heinrich Matzinger, “Invariance principle of random projection for the norm”, arXiv:2112.00300 (2022).

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