The statistical valuation conjecture for Stirling numbers

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Let cc be a positive integer, let S(n,k)S(n,k) denote a Stirling number of the second kind, let bd2bd_2 be the 22-adic valuation, and let c32(m)c3_2(m) denote the sum of the binary digits of mm. Statistical valuation conjecture. As hh tends to infinity, the proportion of integers kk with 0≤k≤c2h0\le k\le c2^h for which

ν2(S(c2h,k))=σ2(k)−σ2(c)+ν2((c2h+1−kc2h))\nu_2\left(S(c2^h,k)\right)=\sigma_2(k)-\sigma_2(c)+\nu_2\left(\binom{c2^{h+1}-k}{c2^h}\right)

tends to 11; explicitly,

lim⁡h→∞1c2h∣{k:0≤k≤c2h, ν2(S(c2h,k))=σ2(k)−σ2(c)+ν2((c2h+1−kc2h))}∣=1.\lim_{h\to\infty}\frac{1}{c2^h}\left|\left\{k:0\le k\le c2^h,\ \nu_2\left(S(c2^h,k)\right)=\sigma_2(k)-\sigma_2(c)+\nu_2\left(\binom{c2^{h+1}-k}{c2^h}\right)\right\}\right|=1.

The conjecture asserts that the displayed valuation formula holds for almost all kk. The text notes that an earlier theorem covers about half of the relevant kk values, but gives no resolution of the statistical conjecture.

References

Primary source

Arnold Adelberg and Tamas Lengyel, “New results on the p-adic valuation of Stirling numbers”, arXiv:2111.08766 (2021).

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