Density conjecture for Serre curves

Let E/QE/\mathbb{Q} be a Serre curve. Let Δ\Delta be the discriminant of EE, let DD be the discriminant of Q(Δ)\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{\Delta}), and define

C= prime(1(1)2(+1)).C=\prod_{\ell\text{ prime}}\left(1-\frac{\ell}{(\ell-1)^2(\ell+1)}\right).

Density conjecture. The density of primes pp for which gcd(#E(Fp),p1)=1\operatorname{gcd}(\#E(\mathbb{F}_p),p-1)=1 is

{Cif D0(mod4),(1+D322+1)Cif D1(mod4).\begin{cases} C&\text{if }D\equiv0\pmod{4},\\ \left(1+\displaystyle\prod_{\ell\mid D}\frac{-\ell}{\ell^3-\ell^2-2\ell+1}\right)C&\text{if }D\equiv1\pmod{4}. \end{cases}

This is the expected answer to the density problem for Serre curves and is supported by the paper's main counting theorem; proving the required result when the set of auxiliary primes is allowed to contain all primes remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Nuno Arala, “On the density of a set of primes associated to an Elliptic Curve”, arXiv:2111.02562 (2023).

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