Boutet de Monvel's conjecture on complexified Hamiltonian flows and Poisson kernels

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Let MM be a real-analytic manifold with complexification MCM_\mathbb{C}, let d>0d>0, and let P∈Ψphg⁡d(M)P\in \Psi_{\operatorname{phg}}^d(M) be analytic with positive classical principal symbol pp. Assume that PP is formally self-adjoint and elliptic, that p∣T∗M∖0>0p|_{T^*M\setminus 0}>0, and that the sets

{ξ∈Tx∗M∣p(x,ξ)1/d≤1}\{\xi\in T_x^*M\mid p(x,\xi)^{1/d}\leq 1\}

are strictly convex for all x∈Mx\in M. Let φt\varphi_t be the homogeneous Hamiltonian flow generated by p1/dp^{1/d}, extended holomorphically for sufficiently small complex tt, and let PϵP_\epsilon be the Schwartz kernel of e−ϵP1/de^{-\epsilon P^{1/d}}. Define

Φx(ξ)=(πxφip(x,ξ)1/d)(x,ξ),\Phi_x(\xi)=(\pi_x\varphi_{i p(x,\xi)^{1/d}})(x,\xi),

for (x,ξ)∈Bϵ∗M∖0(x,\xi)\in B_\epsilon^*M\setminus 0, where

Bϵ∗M={(x,ξ)∈T∗M∣p(x,ξ)1/d<ϵ}.B_\epsilon^*M=\{(x,\xi)\in T^*M\mid p(x,\xi)^{1/d}<\epsilon\}.

Boutet de Monvel's conjecture. There is a maximal ϵ0>0\epsilon_0>0 such that, for every ϵ∈(0,ϵ0)\epsilon\in(0,\epsilon_0), the extended flows define a real-analytic diffeomorphism

Φ:Bϵ∗M∖0⟶MϵΦ∖M⊂MC,(x,ξ)⟼Φx(ξ),\Phi:B_\epsilon^*M\setminus 0\longrightarrow M_\epsilon^\Phi\setminus M\subset M_\mathbb{C},\qquad (x,\xi)\longmapsto\Phi_x(\xi),

where MϵΦM_\epsilon^\Phi is an open strictly pseudoconvex set in MCM_\mathbb{C} with orientable CωC^\omega boundary ∂MϵΦ\partial M_\epsilon^\Phi. Moreover, there is a maximal ϵ0′∈(0,ϵ0]\epsilon_0'\in(0,\epsilon_0] such that, for every ϵ∈(0,ϵ0′)\epsilon\in(0,\epsilon_0'), the map x↦Pϵ(x,y)x\mapsto P_\epsilon(x,y) extends holomorphically to MϵΦM_\epsilon^\Phi for each fixed y∈My\in M, the restriction Pϵ∣∂MϵΦ×MP_\epsilon|_{\partial M_\epsilon^\Phi\times M} induces a complex-phase PHG Fourier integral operator SϵS_\epsilon of order −(n−1)/4-(n-1)/4, and

Sϵ:Hs(M)⟶Os+(n−1)/4(∂MϵΦ)S_\epsilon:H^s(M)\longrightarrow\mathcal{O}^{s+(n-1)/4}(\partial M_\epsilon^\Phi)

is a homeomorphism for every s∈Rs\in\mathbb{R}. The strict pseudoconvexity also implies that MϵΦM_\epsilon^\Phi admits a Kähler metric with a global potential. This conjecture generalizes the result known for P=−ΔgP=\sqrt{-\Delta_g}; its general validity was stated by Boutet de Monvel but remains unproved.

References

Primary source

David Scott Winterrose, “Algebras of pseudo-differential operators acting on holomorphic Sobolev spaces”, arXiv:2110.09389 (2023).

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