Lazar–Wachs cycle-distribution conjecture for D- and E-permutations

Let n1n\geq 1. A permutation σS2n\sigma\in\mathfrak{S}_{2n} is a D-permutation if iσ(i)i\leq\sigma(i) whenever ii is odd and iσ(i)i\geq\sigma(i) whenever ii is even. It is an E-permutation if i>σ(i)i>\sigma(i) implies that ii is even and σ(i)\sigma(i) is odd. Let [2n]={1,,2n}[2n]=\{1,\ldots,2n\}, and let D2n\mathfrak{D}_{2n} and E2n\mathcal{E}_{2n} denote the sets of D-permutations and E-permutations on [2n][2n], respectively; write DC2n\mathfrak{D}\mathcal{C}_{2n} and EC2n\mathcal{E}\mathcal{C}_{2n} for the corresponding sets of D-cycles and E-cycles. For a permutation, a cycle means a cycle in its disjoint-cycle decomposition.

Lazar and Wachs' cycle-distribution conjecture. The number of D-permutations on [2n][2n] with kk cycles equals the number of E-permutations on [2n][2n] with kk cycles for all kk. Consequently,

G2n=EC2n.G_{2n}=|\mathcal{E}\mathcal{C}_{2n}|.

Here G2nG_{2n} denotes the Genocchi number indexed by 2n2n; the equality predicts that it counts E-cycles just as the established result counts D-cycles. The conjecture is attributed to Lazar and Wachs and is presented in the paper as an open conjecture.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Qiongqiong Pan and Jiang Zeng, “Cycles of even-odd drop permutations and continued fractions of Genocchi numbers”, arXiv:2108.03200 (2021).

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