Existence of a homoclinic bifurcation under predator harvesting

Consider the harvested predator-prey model given by Equation (HarvestingEqn), with all parameters fixed except the harvesting effort q0q\geq 0. A homoclinic loop is a trajectory that leaves a saddle equilibrium and returns to the same equilibrium. Homoclinic-bifurcation conjecture. There exists q>0q^*>0 such that a homoclinic loop occurs when q=qq=q^*. This conjecture describes a global bifurcation caused by predator harvesting; the supplied text gives no proof or resolution, so it remains open.

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Primary source

Kwadwo Antwi-Fordjour, Rana D. Parshad, Hannah E. Thompson and Stephanie B. Westaway, “Fear-driven extinction and (de)stabilization in a predator-prey model incorporating prey herd behavior and mutual interference”, arXiv:2108.00546 (2021).

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