The exchange-property characterization for sums of two square-zero endomorphisms

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Let VV be an infinite-dimensional vector space, and let uEnd(V)u\in\operatorname{End}(V). An endomorphism uu has the exchange property if there is a decomposition V=EFV=E\oplus F such that u(E)Fu(E)\subseteq F and u(F)Eu(F)\subseteq E. Two endomorphisms are similar if they are conjugate by a vector-space isomorphism; the opposite of uu is u-u.

Exchange-property conjecture. The endomorphism uu is the sum of two square-zero endomorphisms of VV if and only if uu has the exchange property. Moreover, if χ(F)2\chi(\mathbb{F})\neq 2, this condition is equivalent to uu being similar to its opposite.

This conjecture extends the finite-dimensional characterization of sums of two square-zero endomorphisms, where the exchange property is equivalent to the decomposition condition and, under the characteristic assumption, to similarity with the opposite. The infinite-dimensional case lacks invariant factors and remains open here.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Clément de Seguins Pazzis, “Sums and products of two quadratic endomorphisms of a countable-dimensional vector space”, arXiv:2107.04273 (2021).

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