Roots-of-unity conjecture for the three-variable power-sum system

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Assume n=3n=3, gcd⁡(a1,a2,a3)=1\gcd(a_1,a_2,a_3)=1, and let Ap={a1 mod p,a2 mod p,a3 mod p}\mathcal{A}_p=\{a_1\bmod p,a_2\bmod p,a_3\bmod p\} for p=2,3p=2,3. Let ζ\zeta be a primitive cube root of unity, and let (SI)(\mathrm{SI}) denote the projective solution set of the system of three power-sum equations at infinity. Roots-of-unity conjecture.

(SI)⊆{(1:−1:0),(1:0:−1),(0:1:−1),(1:ζ:ζ2),(1:ζ2:ζ)}.(\mathrm{SI})\subseteq\{(1:-1:0),(1:0:-1),(0:1:-1),(1:\zeta:\zeta^2),(1:\zeta^2:\zeta)\}.

This strengthens the CKW conjecture: when 0∈A2∩A30\in\mathcal{A}_2\cap\mathcal{A}_3, none of these five points occurs, so (SI)(\mathrm{SI}) is empty. It is verified in the source for a1<a2<a3a_1<a_2<a_3 with a1+a2+a3≤300a_1+a_2+a_3\leq300.

References

Primary source

Hana Melánová, Bernd Sturmfels and Rosa Winter, “Recovery from Power Sums”, arXiv:2106.13981 (2021).

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