Reflective Borcherds-product conjecture for free unitary modular-form algebras

Let dd be the discriminant parameter of the imaginary quadratic field underlying the unitary group, let LL be a Hermitian lattice of signature (n,1)(n,1), and let U(L)\mathop{\mathrm{U}}(L) denote its unitary group. A finite-index subgroup is a subgroup of finite index in U(L)\mathop{\mathrm{U}}(L). Reflective unitary freeness conjecture.

(i) When d=1d=-1 or d=3d=-3, the algebra of modular forms for a finite-index subgroup of some U(L)\mathop{\mathrm{U}}(L) is never free if n>5n>5.

(ii) When d>3|d|>3, the algebra of modular forms for a finite-index subgroup of some U(L)\mathop{\mathrm{U}}(L) is never free.

This is proposed as a unitary analogue of the result of Vinberg and Shvartsman that orthogonal modular-form algebras are never free when n>10n>10. It arises from the expectation that the Jacobian of generators of a free unitary modular-form algebra should come from a reflective orthogonal Borcherds product by restriction; the conjecture remains open in the stated generality.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Haowu Wang and Brandon Williams, “Free algebras of modular forms on ball quotients”, arXiv:2105.14892 (2021).

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