Hellerstein–Sheil-Small–Wittich classification conjecture for real meromorphic functions

Let ff be a real transcendental meromorphic function in the plane with at least one pole. Assume that all zeros and poles of ff, ff' and ff” are real, and that all poles of ff are simple.

Hellerstein–Sheil-Small–Wittich conjecture. Then ff satisfies

f(z)=Ctan(az+b)+Dz+E,a,b,C,D,ER.f(z)=C\tan(az+b)+Dz+E,\qquad a,b,C,D,E\in\mathbb{R}.

This conjecture concerns the classification of real meromorphic functions whose first two derivatives have only real zeros and poles. The source attributes it to Hellerstein, Sheil-Small and Wittich; its resolution is not specified here.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

J. K. Langley, “Non-real zeros of derivatives”, arXiv:2105.11762 (2023).

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