Average-rank conjecture for elliptic surface specializations

Let E\mathcal{E} be the elliptic surface, let Et\mathcal{E}_t be its fiber, and write rt=rankEt(Q)r_t=\operatorname{rank}\mathcal{E}_t(\mathbb{Q}). Let wEtw_{\mathcal{E}_t} be the root number and put r=rankE(Q(T))r=\operatorname{rank}\mathcal{E}(\mathbb{Q}(T)). Define

T={tZ:wEt=(1)r+1},\mathcal{T}=\left\{t\in\mathbb{Z}:w_{\mathcal{E}_t}=(-1)^{r+1}\right\},

where δ(T)\delta(\mathcal{T}) is the natural density of T\mathcal{T} in Z\mathbb{Z}.

Average-rank conjecture. One has

limX12XtXrt=r+δ(T).\lim_{X\to\infty}\frac{1}{2X}\sum_{|t|\le X}r_t=r+\delta(\mathcal{T}).

This conjecture predicts the average rank of the fibers from the generic rank and the density of fibers with the indicated root-number parity. The source gives heuristic and experimental motivation but no resolution status.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Seoyoung Kim and M. Ram Murty, “From the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture to Nagao's conjecture”, arXiv:2105.10805 (2021).

Additional references

2 papers in this index state this conjecture (2020–2021). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2005.07909.

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