Hardy–Littlewood conjecture for sums of two squares in arithmetic progressions

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For k≥1k\geq 1, let H={h1,…,hk}⊆Z\mathcal{H}=\{h_1,\dots,h_k\}\subseteq\mathbb{Z}, let q≡1 (mod 4)q\equiv1\,(\mathrm{mod}\,4) be prime, let a∈Za\in\mathbb{Z}, and let Rk(H;x,q,a)R_k(\mathcal{H};x,q,a) be the normalized count of integers n≤xn\leq x with n≡a (mod q)n\equiv a\,(\mathrm{mod}\,q) for which every n+hin+h_i is a sum of two squares. Let S(H)\mathfrak{S}(\mathcal{H}) be the singular series. Hardy–Littlewood conjecture in arithmetic progressions. If S(H)>0\mathfrak{S}(\mathcal{H})>0, then

Rk(H;x,q,a)∼S(H)q(Klog⁡x)k.R_k(\mathcal{H};x,q,a)\sim\frac{\mathfrak{S}(\mathcal{H})}{q}\left(\frac{K}{\sqrt{\log x}}\right)^k.

This is a proposed arithmetic-progression analogue of the Hardy–Littlewood conjecture and remains open.

References

Primary source

Chantal David, Lucile Devin, Jungbae Nam and Jeremy Schlitt, “Lemke Oliver and Soundararajan bias for consecutive sums of two squares”, arXiv:2105.05048 (2021).

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