Hardy–Littlewood conjecture for sums of two squares in arithmetic progressions

For k1k\geq 1, let H={h1,,hk}Z\mathcal{H}=\{h_1,\dots,h_k\}\subseteq\mathbb{Z}, let q1(mod4)q\equiv1\,(\mathrm{mod}\,4) be prime, let aZa\in\mathbb{Z}, and let Rk(H;x,q,a)R_k(\mathcal{H};x,q,a) be the normalized count of integers nxn\leq x with na(modq)n\equiv a\,(\mathrm{mod}\,q) for which every n+hin+h_i is a sum of two squares. Let S(H)\mathfrak{S}(\mathcal{H}) be the singular series. Hardy–Littlewood conjecture in arithmetic progressions. If S(H)>0\mathfrak{S}(\mathcal{H})>0, then

Rk(H;x,q,a)S(H)q(Klogx)k.R_k(\mathcal{H};x,q,a)\sim\frac{\mathfrak{S}(\mathcal{H})}{q}\left(\frac{K}{\sqrt{\log x}}\right)^k.

This is a proposed arithmetic-progression analogue of the Hardy–Littlewood conjecture and remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Chantal David, Lucile Devin, Jungbae Nam and Jeremy Schlitt, “Lemke Oliver and Soundararajan bias for consecutive sums of two squares”, arXiv:2105.05048 (2021).

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