Formal asymptotic conjecture for front propagation with evolving dispersion

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Let f(t,x,θ)f(t,x,\theta) be the density solving the rescaled sexual-population equation

∂tf=B[f]−ϱf+θΔxf,\partial_t f=B[f]-\varrho f+\theta\Delta_x f,

with trait θ≥1\theta\geq 1, population size ϱ(t,x)=∫1∞f(t,x,θ) dθ\varrho(t,x)=\int_1^\infty f(t,x,\theta)\,\mathrm{d}\theta, reproduction operator

B[f](t,x,θ)=∬(1,∞)2Gλ[θ−θ1+θ22]f(t,x,θ1)f(t,x,θ2)ϱ(t,x) dθ1 dθ2,B[f](t,x,\theta)=\iint_{(1,\infty)^2}\mathcal G_\lambda\left[\theta-\frac{\theta_1+\theta_2}{2}\right]f(t,x,\theta_1)\frac{f(t,x,\theta_2)}{\varrho(t,x)}\,\mathrm{d}\theta_1\,\mathrm{d}\theta_2,

where λ>0\lambda>0. For an interval JJ, write x⋅J=[xa,xb]x\cdot J=[xa,xb] when J=[a,b]J=[a,b], and let ∣J∣|J| denote its length. Define

yc=4(λ3)1/2.y_c=4\left(\frac{\lambda}{3}\right)^{1/2}.

Formal front-propagation conjecture. There exists an interval of trait values J0J_0 centered at 11 such that, for every open interval J⊂J0J\subset J_0 centered at 11, the density ff at large time is approximated by

f(t,x,θ)={exp⁡[−14λ2(θ−λ4/5(6x2)1/5)2+Ot→∞(∣J∣2)],x≤yct5/4,θ∈λ4/5(6x2)1/5⋅J,exp⁡[(1−(xyct5/4)4/3)t]exp⁡[−14λ2(θ−(3λ2x22t)1/3)2+Ot→∞(∣J∣2x8/3t10/3)],x≥yct5/4,θ∈(3λ2x22t)1/3⋅J.f(t,x,\theta)=\begin{cases} \exp\left[-\frac{1}{4\lambda^2}\left(\theta-\lambda^{4/5}(6x^2)^{1/5}\right)^2+\underset{t\to\infty}{\mathcal O}(|J|^2)\right],&x\leq y_c t^{5/4},\quad \theta\in\lambda^{4/5}(6x^2)^{1/5}\cdot J,\\ \exp\left[\left(1-\left(\frac{x}{y_c t^{5/4}}\right)^{4/3}\right)t\right]\exp\left[-\frac{1}{4\lambda^2}\left(\theta-\left(\frac{3\lambda^2x^2}{2t}\right)^{1/3}\right)^2+\underset{t\to\infty}{\mathcal O}\left(|J|^2\frac{x^{8/3}}{t^{10/3}}\right)\right],&x\geq y_c t^{5/4},\quad \theta\in\left(\frac{3\lambda^2x^2}{2t}\right)^{1/3}\cdot J. \end{cases}

For x≥yct5/4x\geq y_c t^{5/4}, the prefactor of the trait distribution is exp⁡[(1−(xyct5/4)1/3)t]\exp\left[\left(1-\left(\frac{x}{y_c t^{5/4}}\right)^{1/3}\right)t\right], of the form exp⁡[−c(x/(yct5/4))t]\exp[-c(x/(y_c t^{5/4}))t], where cc is positive and increasing on (1,∞)(1,\infty). This is presented as a formal conjecture because the computations in the paper are only formal; it describes the evolving trait scale and the propagating front, including the decay of the population ahead of the front.

References

Primary source

Léonard Dekens and Florian Lavigne, “Front propagation of a sexual population with evolution of dispersion: a formal analysis”, arXiv:2105.02523 (2021).

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