Dwork's p-adic hypergeometric inversion conjecture

Let s1s\geq 1 be an integer and let a1==as=aZpa_1=\cdots=a_s=a\in\mathbb{Z}_p. Let FaDw(t)\mathscr{F}^{\rm Dw}_{a}(t) denote Dwork's pp-adic hypergeometric function with all ss parameters equal to aa. Let ll be the unique integer in {0,1,,p1}\{0,1,\ldots,p-1\} such that

a+l0(modp).a+l\equiv 0\pmod p.

Dwork's p-adic hypergeometric inversion conjecture.

FaDw(t)=((1)st)lFaDw(t1).\mathscr{F}^{\rm Dw}_{a}(t)=((-1)^s t)^l\mathscr{F}^{\rm Dw}_{a}(t^{-1}).

This transformation is stated for Dwork's pp-adic hypergeometric functions. The paper proves the case s=1s=1 for odd primes and gives a counterexample when p=2p=2, so the unrestricted conjecture as stated is refuted.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Wang Chung-Hsuan, “On transformation formulas of p-adic hypergeometric functions”, arXiv:2104.14092 (2026).

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