Non-D-finiteness conjecture for the generating function of Av(A5,1)\mathcal{A}v(A_{5,1})

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Let A5,1A_{5,1} be the permutation class under discussion, and let Av(A5,1)\mathcal{A}v(A_{5,1}) denote the class of permutations avoiding the patterns in A5,1A_{5,1}. Its generating function is the ordinary generating function counting permutations in Av(A5,1)\mathcal{A}v(A_{5,1}) by length. A formal power series is D-finite if it satisfies a non-trivial linear differential equation

pk(x)f(k)(x)+pk−1(x)f(k−1)(x)+⋯+p0(x)f(x)+q(x)=0,p_k(x)f^{(k)}(x)+p_{k-1}(x)f^{(k-1)}(x)+\cdots+p_0(x)f(x)+q(x)=0,

where the coefficients pi(x)p_i(x) and q(x)q(x) are polynomials.

Non-D-finiteness conjecture. The generating function for Av(A5,1)\mathcal{A}v(A_{5,1}) is not D-finite.

The conjecture is motivated by computational evidence: 642 initial terms did not fit the generating function to the tested rational, algebraic, D-finite, or differentially algebraic forms. The computations are not dispositive, and the conjecture remains open.

References

Primary source

Miklós Bóna and Jay Pantone, “Permutations avoiding sets of patterns with long monotone subsequences”, arXiv:2103.06918 (2022).

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