Ashbaugh's eigenvalue ratio conjecture for Euclidean domains

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Let Ω\Omega be a bounded domain in the nn-dimensional Euclidean space Rn\mathbb{R}^{n}. Let Λi\Lambda_i denote the ii-th Dirichlet eigenvalue of the Laplace operator, and let Bn\mathbb{B}^n be a ball with the same volume as Ω\Omega, so that Vol⁡(Ω)=Vol⁡(Bn)\operatorname{Vol}(\Omega)=\operatorname{Vol}(\mathbb{B}^n). Ashbaugh's conjecture. The inequality

Λ2+Λ3+⋯+Λn+1Λ1≤nΛ2(Bn)Λ1(Bn)\frac{\Lambda_2+\Lambda_3+\cdots+\Lambda_{n+1}}{\Lambda_1}\leq n\frac{\Lambda_2(\mathbb{B}^n)}{\Lambda_1(\mathbb{B}^n)}

should hold. This is a higher-dimensional extension of the Payne–Pólya–Weinberger inequality; the cited source presents it as a famous conjecture, but the supplied evidence indicates that it has since been solved.

References

Primary source

Lingzhong Zeng and Zhouyuan Zeng, “Eigenvalues of Xin-Laplacian on Complete Riemannian manifolds”, arXiv:2101.07992 (2022).

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