Bean's conjecture on the maximum of the normalized area of binary forms

Let FF be a binary form of degree n3n\geq 3 with complex coefficients and non-zero discriminant DFD_F, and define

Q(F)=DF1/(n(n1))AF.Q(F)=|D_F|^{1/(n(n-1))}A_F.

Let

Fn(x,y)=k=1n(sin(kπn)xcos(kπn)y).F_n^*(x,y)=\prod_{k=1}^n\left(\sin\left(\frac{k\pi}{n}\right)x-\cos\left(\frac{k\pi}{n}\right)y\right).

Bean's conjecture. The maximum value MnM_n of Q(F)Q(F) over all such forms is attained precisely when FF, up to multiplication by a complex number, is equivalent under GL2(R)\operatorname{GL}_2(\mathbb R) to FnF_n^*. Equivalently,

Mn=Q(Fn).M_n=Q(F_n^*).

Moreover,

limnMn=2π.\lim_{n\to\infty}M_n=2\pi.

The quantity Q(F)Q(F) is invariant under multiplication by a complex number and under the action of GL2(R)\operatorname{GL}_2(\mathbb R), making this a natural extremal problem for binary forms. The source attributes this conjecture to Bean; no resolution is given here.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Anton Mosunov, “On the Area of the Fundamental Region of a Binary Form Associated with Algebraic Trigonometric Quantities”, arXiv:2012.13274 (2021).

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