Conjecture on vortex corrections to the effective inverse temperature and free energies

Let β^eff\hat\beta_{\mathrm{eff}} be the effective inverse temperature defined in the source, and let fCoul(β)f^{\operatorname{Coul}}(\beta), fIV(β1)f^{\operatorname{IV}}(\beta^{-1}), fVil(β)f^{\operatorname{Vil}}(\beta), and fGFFf^{\operatorname{GFF}} denote the corresponding free energies. Vortex-correction conjecture. As β\beta\to\infty, vortices contribute to the fluctuations so that

limβlog(ββ^eff)β=π2.\lim_{\beta\to\infty}\frac{\log(\beta-\hat\beta_{\mathrm{eff}})}{\beta}=-\pi^2.

Moreover, the Coulomb free-energy lower bound is asymptotically sharp:

limβlogfCoul(β)β=π2\lim_{\beta\to\infty}\frac{\log f^{\operatorname{Coul}}(\beta)}{\beta}=-\pi^2

and

π2=limβlog(fIV(β1)fGFF(β1))β=limβlog(fVil(β)fGFF(β))β.-\pi^2=\lim_{\beta\to\infty}\frac{\log\left(f^{\operatorname{IV}}(\beta^{-1})-f^{\operatorname{GFF}}(\beta^{-1})\right)}{\beta}=\lim_{\beta\to\infty}\frac{\log\left(f^{\operatorname{Vil}}(\beta)-f^{\operatorname{GFF}}(\beta)\right)}{\beta}.

These predictions quantify the exponentially small effect of vortices at low temperature and are supported in the source by rigorous lower bounds and renormalization-group analysis. The supplied text gives no resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Christophe Garban and Avelio Sepúlveda, “Quantitative bounds on vortex fluctuations in 2d Coulomb gas and maximum of the integer-valued Gaussian free field”, arXiv:2012.01400 (2023).

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