Main parity conjecture for eta-quotients

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Let

F(q)=∑n≥0c(n)qnF(q)=\sum_{n\ge 0}c(n)q^n

be an eta-quotient, shifted by a suitable power of qq so that its powers are integral. Let δF\delta_F denote the odd density of its coefficients. For a nonnegative integer-valued polynomial PP of positive degree, consider the sequence c(P(m))c(P(m)).

Main parity conjecture for eta-quotients. The following assertions hold: (i) for every FF, δF\delta_F exists and satisfies δF≤1/2\delta_F\le 1/2; (ii) if δF=1/2\delta_F=1/2, then c(P(m))c(P(m)) has odd density 1/21/2 for every such polynomial PP, in particular on every arithmetic progression; (iii) if δF<1/2\delta_F<1/2, then the coefficients of FF vanish modulo 22 identically on some arithmetic progression; and (iv) if the coefficients do not vanish modulo 22 identically on any arithmetic progression, then they have odd density 1/21/2 on every arithmetic progression, and hence δF=1/2\delta_F=1/2.

This is presented as a broad organizing conjecture for parity phenomena of eta-quotients, encompassing the alternatives between density 1/21/2 and identically even arithmetic progressions. The source presents it as an open conjecture and notes that (i)--(iii) imply (iv), while (iv) implies (iii).

References

Primary source

William J. Keith and Fabrizio Zanello, “Parity of the coefficients of certain eta-quotients”, arXiv:2010.09881 (2021).

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