Half positive-rank density for elliptic surfaces over finite fields

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For positive integers mm and nn, let Sℓ;m,n\mathcal{S}_{\ell;m,n} be the finite set of elliptic surfaces over Fℓ\mathbb{F}_\ell of the form y2=x3+A(T)x+B(T)y^2=x^3+A(T)x+B(T) with deg⁡(A)=m\deg(A)=m and deg⁡(B)=n\deg(B)=n. Let ρℓ(m,n)\rho_\ell(m,n) be the proportion of surfaces in this set having positive rank. Half-density conjecture. For every prime ℓ0\ell_0 and every pair of integers m0,n0>0m_0,n_0>0,

lim⁡ℓ→∞ρℓ(m0,n0)=lim⁡m→∞ρℓ0(m,n0)=lim⁡n→∞ρℓ0(m0,n)=12.\lim_{\ell\to\infty}\rho_\ell(m_0,n_0)=\lim_{m\to\infty}\rho_{\ell_0}(m,n_0)=\lim_{n\to\infty}\rho_{\ell_0}(m_0,n)=\frac12.

This conjecture predicts that positive rank has limiting density one half in each of three asymptotic regimes. The source gives no evidence of resolution.

References

Primary source

Alex Cowan, “Conjecture: 100% of elliptic surfaces over Q have rank zero”, arXiv:2009.08622 (2020).

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