Symmetric-group controllability conjecture for semisimple Lie groups

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Consider the bilinear system

X˙=(∑i=1muiBi)X,X(0)=I,\dot X=\Bigl(\sum_{i=1}^m u_iB_i\Bigr)X,\quad X(0)=I,

on a semisimple Lie group GG, where BiB_i belongs to the Lie algebra g\mathfrak{g} of GG. Let g=h⊕k\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{h}\oplus\mathfrak{k} be the Cartan decomposition, with h\mathfrak{h} the Cartan subalgebra, and let WW be the Weyl group of g\mathfrak{g}. Assume that Bi∈hB_i\in\mathfrak{h} or Bi∈kB_i\in\mathfrak{k} for every i=1,…,mi=1,\dots,m. Write Γ={B1,…,Bm}\Gamma=\{B_1,\dots,B_m\}, set h=dim⁡hh=\dim\mathfrak{h}, and let WhW^h denote the direct sum of hh copies of WW.

Symmetric-group controllability conjecture. The system is controllable on GG if and only if there exists Σ⊆Γ\Sigma\subseteq\Gamma such that ι(Σ)\iota(\Sigma) is a cycle of maximal length in WhW^h.

This conjecture extends the symmetric-group characterization of controllability from systems on SL(3,C){\rm SL}(3,\mathbb{C}) to systems on general semisimple Lie groups, using the Cartan decomposition and the Weyl group. The supplied text does not state whether the conjecture has been proved or refuted.

References

Primary source

Gong Cheng, Wei Zhang and Jr-Shin Li, “Combinatorics-Based Approaches to Controllability Characterization for Bilinear Systems”, arXiv:2009.03430 (2020).

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