Biased-normal characterization of attractor-generating sequences

Let (X,d)(X,d) be a compact metric space, and let {X;w0,w1,,wn;p0,p1,,pn1}\{X;w_0,w_1,\dotsc,w_n;p_0,p_1,\dotsc,p_{n-1}\} be a hyperbolic iterated function system (IFS) with probabilities. Let ν\nu be its invariant measure, whose support is the IFS attractor. For a sequence σ\sigma used by the determined iteration algorithm, let SS be the set of sequences for which every Borel subset BXB\subseteq X with null boundary is visited with limiting frequency ν(B)\nu(B).

Attractor-generation conjecture. Given a hyperbolic IFS with probabilities, a sequence σ\sigma is an element of SS—that is, σ\sigma generates the attractor of the IFS as described above—if and only if σ\sigma is biased normal with respect to the probabilities of the IFS.

The conjecture seeks an exact characterization of the sequences that reproduce the invariant-measure frequencies, and hence the attractor, under determined iteration. The surrounding text records that sequences with the matching Bernoulli measure belong to SS almost surely, but gives no proof of the proposed if-and-only-if characterization.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Andrew DeLapo, “Bernoulli Randomness and Biased Normality”, arXiv:2007.01854 (2020).

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