Dominance of the continuous spectrum for random hyperbolic surfaces of large genus

Let Pg,k(g)\mathbb{P}_{g,k(g)} be the probability measure on hyperbolic surfaces of genus gg with k(g)k(g) cusps, and let XMg,k(g)X \in \mathcal{M}_{g,k(g)} be a random surface. Assume that k(g)=o(g)k(g)=o(\sqrt{g}) as gg\to\infty, and let I(14,+)I\subset(\frac14,+\infty) be a compact interval. Denote by N(X,I)N(X,I) and M(X,I)M(X,I) the discrete and continuous spectral contributions in the interval II, respectively. Dominance of the continuous spectrum. With high probability as gg\to\infty,

N(X,I)M(X,I)=o(1).\frac{N(X,I)}{M(X,I)}=o(1).

This would show that the continuous part of the spectrum is generically dominant for random hyperbolic surfaces of large genus, making the quantum ergodicity result primarily an equidistribution theorem for Eisenstein series. As far as the authors know, this problem is open.

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Primary source

Etienne Le Masson and Tuomas Sahlsten, “Quantum ergodicity for Eisenstein series on hyperbolic surfaces of large genus”, arXiv:2006.14935 (2023).

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