The computational refinement of the 1-3-5 conjecture

Let mNm\in\mathbb{N} be not divisible by 1616, and let x,y,z,tN0x,y,z,t\in\mathbb{N}_0. A representation of mm as four squares is an expression

m=x2+y2+z2+t2.m=x^2+y^2+z^2+t^2.

The computational refinement of the 1-3-5 conjecture. Except for m{31,43,111,151,168,200,248,263,319,456,479,871,1752,1864,3544}m\in\{31,43,111,151,168,200,248,263,319,456,479,871,1752,1864,3544\}, every such mm has a representation for which x+3y+5zx+3y+5z is a square and either xx is three times a square or yy is a square. Moreover, if m>14485001848m>14\,485\,001\,848, then there is such a representation with x{0,3}x\in\{0,3\} or y{0,1}y\in\{0,1\}; disregarding multiples of 1616, exactly 56\frac56 of the numbers have a representation with x=0x=0 or y=0y=0, and the remaining 16\frac16 have one with x=3x=3 or y=1y=1. This is presented as a new conjecture based on the computational results, and the supplied text gives no resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

António Machiavelo, Rogério Reis and Nikolaos Tsopanidis, “Report on Zhi-Wei Sun's "1-3-5 conjecture" and some of its refinements”, arXiv:2005.13526 (2020).

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