Small-height zero abundance conjecture for Dirichlet LL-functions

Let N(T,χ)N(T,\chi) denote the number of zeros of the Dirichlet LL-function associated with a character χ\chi having imaginary part in the relevant height range, and let the conductor of χ\chi be the modulus governing its analytic conductor. Small-height zero abundance conjecture. For every real T>0T>0 and every integer M1M\ge1, there is an integer q0q_0 such that every character χ\chi with conductor at least q0q_0 satisfies N(T,χ)MN(T,\chi)\ge M. This is a qualitative assertion that, for fixed height, the number of zeros tends to infinity with the conductor. It follows from the generalized Riemann hypothesis for Dirichlet LL-functions by Selberg's estimate, and is known unconditionally in the ranges indicated in the source, but remains open in general.

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Primary source

Michael A. Bennett, Greg Martin, Kevin O'Bryant and Andrew Rechnitzer, “Counting Zeros of Dirichlet L-Functions”, arXiv:2005.02989 (2020).

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