Density and openness of conical degeneracies for periodic Schrödinger operators

Let VC(R3/Z3)V\in C^\infty(\mathbb{R}^3/\mathbb{Z}^3) be a smooth periodic potential, and consider the periodic Schrödinger operator ΔR3+V-\Delta_{\mathbb{R}^3}+V. A degeneracy of its Bloch eigenvalues is called conical when the corresponding eigenvalue branches meet conically in quasi-momentum space. Conjecture. The set

{VC(R3/Z3): all degeneracies of Bloch eigenvalues of ΔR3+V are conical }\big\{ V \in C^\infty(\mathbb{R}^3/\mathbb{Z}^3): \ \text{all degeneracies of Bloch eigenvalues of } -\Delta_{\mathbb{R}^3}+V \text{ are conical }\big\}

is dense and open in C(R3/Z3)C^\infty(\mathbb{R}^3/\mathbb{Z}^3). This proposes that conical band crossings are the generic degeneracies for three-dimensional periodic Schrödinger operators, extending the paper's topology-driven genericity perspective to differential operators.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Alexis Drouot, “Ubiquity of conical points in topological insulators”, arXiv:2004.07068 (2020).

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