Universal edge fluctuation conjecture for dimer models

Let Ω\Omega be a natural domain with natural boundary values for a dimer model, without gas and quasifrozen points. Suppose the underlying bipartite graphs GnG_n converge to Ω\Omega in a suitable sense. At a frozen-boundary point z0z_0, distinguish the six local regularity cases: a smooth point, first-order cusp, or first-order tacnode, each with either Hölder-continuous gradient or noncontinuous gradient up to the boundary from inside the liquid domain.

Universal Edge Fluctuation Conjecture. Under suitable assumptions on the convergence of GnG_n, all scaling limits of the determinantal point processes at the frozen boundary are given by the corresponding processes in the list: the extended Airy, Pearcey, Tacnode, GUE corner, Cusp-Airy, and discrete Tacnode processes, together with interpolation processes between these.

The listed processes are known for special natural domains and suitable assumptions. The conjecture asserts their universality under the stated convergence hypotheses, while the precise suitable assumptions and the general proof remain open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Kari Astala, Erik Duse, István Prause and Xiao Zhong, “Dimer Models and Conformal Structures”, arXiv:2004.02599 (2025).

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