Heuristic for counting hyperelliptic curves over the rationals

For g3g\geq3, let Zg,Q(B)\mathcal{Z}_{g,\mathbb{Q}}(\mathcal{B}) count stable hyperelliptic genus gg curves with a marked rational Weierstrass point over Z\mathbb{Z} satisfying 0<ht(Δg)B0<\operatorname{ht}(\Delta_g)\leq\mathcal{B}. Heuristic for Zg,Q(B)\mathcal{Z}_{g,\mathbb{Q}}(\mathcal{B}). There are constants a,b,c,d,ea,b,c,d,e such that

Z3,Q(B)O(1)aB914+bB27+cB314+d,\mathcal{Z}_{3,\mathbb{Q}}(\mathcal{B})\sim_{\mathcal{O}(1)}a\mathcal{B}^{\frac{9}{14}}+b\mathcal{B}^{\frac{2}{7}}+c\mathcal{B}^{\frac{3}{14}}+d, Z4,Q(B)O(1)aB1118+bB518+cB14+dB16+e.\mathcal{Z}_{4,\mathbb{Q}}(\mathcal{B})\sim_{\mathcal{O}(1)}a\mathcal{B}^{\frac{11}{18}}+b\mathcal{B}^{\frac{5}{18}}+c\mathcal{B}^{\frac{1}{4}}+d\mathcal{B}^{\frac{1}{6}}+e.

For g5g\geq5, the corresponding degrees can similarly be worked out through the cited theorem. This is a global-fields heuristic based on finite-field estimates; the source does not provide a resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Changho Han and Jun-Yong Park, “Enumerating odd-degree hyperelliptic curves and abelian surfaces over P^1”, arXiv:2002.00563 (2022).

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