Universal variance conjecture for primes in short intervals over number fields

Let KK be an algebraic number field with [K:Q]=n[K:\mathbb Q]=n, let m:KRnm:K\to\mathbb R^n be an embedding, and let \|\cdot\| be a norm. Define

πK(x;H):=#{ωOK: ω is a prime element, m(ω)xH},\pi_K(x;H):=\#\{\omega\in\mathcal O_K:\ \omega\text{ is a prime element},\ \|m(\omega)-x\|\leq H\}, EK(X;H):=1vol(BX)xXπK(x;H)dnx,E_K(X;H):=\frac{1}{\operatorname{vol}(B_X^{\|\cdot\|})}\int_{\|x\|\leq X}\pi_K(x;H)\,d^nx,

where BX={xRn:xX}B_X^{\|\cdot\|}=\{x\in\mathbb R^n:\|x\|\leq X\}. With RK\mathfrak R_K as above, define

π~K(x;H):=πK(x;H)1RKm(α)xHN(α)>11logN(α),\widetilde\pi_K(x;H):=\pi_K(x;H)-\frac{1}{\mathfrak R_K}\sum_{\substack{\|m(\alpha)-x\|\leq H\\|N(\alpha)|>1}}\frac{1}{\log|N(\alpha)|}, VK(X;H):=1vol(BX)xXπ~K(x;H)2dnx.V_K(X;H):=\frac{1}{\operatorname{vol}(B_X^{\|\cdot\|})}\int_{\|x\|\leq X}\widetilde\pi_K(x;H)^2\,d^nx.

Universal variance conjecture. For δ(0,1)\delta\in(0,1) and H=XδH=X^\delta,

VK(X;H)(1δ)EK(X;H).V_K(X;H)\sim(1-\delta)E_K(X;H).

The expectation has a field- and norm-dependent asymptotic, whereas this conjecture predicts a universal multiplicative relation for the variance. The paper provides heuristic and numerical evidence but no resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Vivian Kuperberg, Brad Rodgers and Edva Roditty-Gershon, “Sums of singular series and primes in short intervals in algebraic number fields”, arXiv:2001.09513 (2020).

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