Universal variance conjecture for primes in short intervals over number fields

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Let KK be an algebraic number field with [K:Q]=n[K:\mathbb Q]=n, let m:K→Rnm:K\to\mathbb R^n be an embedding, and let ∥⋅∥\|\cdot\| be a norm. Define

πK(x;H):=#{ω∈OK: ω is a prime element, ∥m(ω)−x∥≤H},\pi_K(x;H):=\#\{\omega\in\mathcal O_K:\ \omega\text{ is a prime element},\ \|m(\omega)-x\|\leq H\}, EK(X;H):=1vol⁡(BX∥⋅∥)∫∥x∥≤XπK(x;H) dnx,E_K(X;H):=\frac{1}{\operatorname{vol}(B_X^{\|\cdot\|})}\int_{\|x\|\leq X}\pi_K(x;H)\,d^nx,

where BX∥⋅∥={x∈Rn:∥x∥≤X}B_X^{\|\cdot\|}=\{x\in\mathbb R^n:\|x\|\leq X\}. With RK\mathfrak R_K as above, define

π~K(x;H):=πK(x;H)−1RK∑∥m(α)−x∥≤H∣N(α)∣>11log⁡∣N(α)∣,\widetilde\pi_K(x;H):=\pi_K(x;H)-\frac{1}{\mathfrak R_K}\sum_{\substack{\|m(\alpha)-x\|\leq H\\|N(\alpha)|>1}}\frac{1}{\log|N(\alpha)|}, VK(X;H):=1vol⁡(BX∥⋅∥)∫∥x∥≤Xπ~K(x;H)2 dnx.V_K(X;H):=\frac{1}{\operatorname{vol}(B_X^{\|\cdot\|})}\int_{\|x\|\leq X}\widetilde\pi_K(x;H)^2\,d^nx.

Universal variance conjecture. For δ∈(0,1)\delta\in(0,1) and H=XδH=X^\delta,

VK(X;H)∼(1−δ)EK(X;H).V_K(X;H)\sim(1-\delta)E_K(X;H).

The expectation has a field- and norm-dependent asymptotic, whereas this conjecture predicts a universal multiplicative relation for the variance. The paper provides heuristic and numerical evidence but no resolution.

References

Primary source

Vivian Kuperberg, Brad Rodgers and Edva Roditty-Gershon, “Sums of singular series and primes in short intervals in algebraic number fields”, arXiv:2001.09513 (2020).

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