A generalized Hawaii conjecture for real zeros of differential rational functions

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Let pp be a real polynomial of degree nn, where n⩾2n\geqslant2. For a real parameter ϰ\varkappa, let

Qϰ[p](z)=p(z)p”(z)−ϰ[p′(z)]2p2(z).Q_{\varkappa}[p](z)=\dfrac{p(z)p”(z)-\varkappa[p'(z)]^2}{p^2(z)}.

Generalized Hawaii conjecture. If ϰ>n−1n\varkappa>\dfrac{n-1}{n}, then

ZC(p)−ZC(p′)⩽ZR(Qϰ)⩽ZC(p).Z_C(p)-Z_C(p')\leqslant Z_R(Q_{\varkappa})\leqslant Z_C(p).

The conjecture is proposed after the preceding Newton-type conjecture is refuted. The source notes that it is proved only in the special case ϰ=1\varkappa=1, so the general parameter range remains open there.

References

Primary source

Mikhail Tyaglov and Mohamed J. Atia, “On the number of non-real zeroes of a homogeneous differential polynomial and a generalization of the Laguerre inequalities”, arXiv:1912.04951 (2020).

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