Arboreal gas phase-transition conjecture in dimensions at least three

Let the arboreal gas be defined on Zd\mathbb{Z}^d with d3d\geq 3, let BrB_r be the radius-rr ball, and let T0T_0 denote the tree containing the origin. Write Pβ[ij]\mathbb{P}_{\beta}[i\leftrightarrow j] for the probability that ii and jj lie in the same tree, and let β\beta be the parameter of the model. Arboreal gas phase-transition conjecture. There exists βc>0\beta_c>0 such that

limrEβT0BrBr={0if β<βc,>0if β>βc.\lim_{r\to\infty}\mathbb{E}_{\beta}\frac{|T_0\cap B_r|}{|B_r|}=\begin{cases}0&\text{if }\beta<\beta_c,\\>0&\text{if }\beta>\beta_c.\end{cases}

Moreover, when β<βc\beta<\beta_c, there is cβ>0c_\beta>0 such that

Pβ[ij]Cecβij(i,jZd),\mathbb{P}_{\beta}[i\leftrightarrow j]\leq Ce^{-c_\beta|i-j|}\qquad(i,j\in\mathbb{Z}^d),

while when β>βc\beta>\beta_c,

Pβ[ij]cβ>0.\mathbb{P}_{\beta}[i\leftrightarrow j]\geq c_\beta>0.

The first equality for sufficiently small β\beta is known, but the existence of a percolating phase for large β\beta and the existence of a sharp critical value remain open; the conjecture predicts mean-field-type phase-transition behaviour.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Roland Bauerschmidt, Nicholas Crawford, Tyler Helmuth and Andrew Swan, “Random spanning forests and hyperbolic symmetry”, arXiv:1912.04854 (2020).

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