Alon's universality conjecture for random permutations

Let kk be a positive integer and let Sn\mathcal{S}_n be the set of permutations of [n][n]. A permutation is kk-universal if it contains every pattern in Sk\mathcal{S}_k. For fixed ε>0\varepsilon>0, consider a uniformly random permutation of length (1+ε)k2/4(1+\varepsilon)k^2/4. Alon's universality conjecture. With high probability, it is kk-universal. Here, with high probability means with probability 1o(1)1-o(1) as kk\to\infty. The conjecture predicts the asymptotically sharp threshold for a random permutation to contain all patterns of length kk; the paper proves universality for substantially larger lengths but leaves this asymptotic threshold open.

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Primary source

Xiaoyu He and Matthew Kwan, “Universality of random permutations”, arXiv:1911.12878 (2020).

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