Central limit conjecture for the Neumann surplus

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Let {Γ(m)}m=1∞\{\Gamma^{(m)}\}_{m=1}^{\infty} be standard quantum graphs with rationally independent edge lengths. Let β(m)\beta^{(m)} and ∣∂Γ(m)∣\left|\partial\Gamma^{(m)}\right| be the first Betti number and boundary size of Γ(m)\Gamma^{(m)}, and let ω(m)\omega^{(m)} be its Neumann surplus random variable. Assume

lim⁡m→∞(β(m)+∣∂Γ(m)∣)=∞.\lim_{m\rightarrow\infty}\left(\beta^{(m)}+\left|\partial\Gamma^{(m)}\right|\right)=\infty.

Neumann surplus central limit conjecture. Then

ω(m)−E[ω(m)]V[ω(m)]→m→∞DN(0,1),\frac{\omega^{(m)}-\mathbb{E}\left[\omega^{(m)}\right]}{\sqrt{\mathbb{V}\left[\omega^{(m)}\right]}}\xrightarrow[m\rightarrow\infty]{\mathcal{D}}N(0,1),

where convergence is in distribution and N(0,1)N(0,1) is the standard normal distribution. This predicts universal Gaussian fluctuations for Neumann surplus along every such increasing graph sequence, but the supplied text gives no resolution.

References

Primary source

Lior Alon and Ram Band, “Neumann Domains on Quantum Graphs”, arXiv:1911.12435 (2020).

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