Fujii's conjecture on Gram interval statistics

Let U(N)U(N) be the group of N×NN\times N unitary matrices, and let J[π,π)J\subset[-\pi,\pi) be an interval of length 2π/N2\pi/N. Define EU(N)(k,J)E_{U(N)}(k,J) to be the probability that a random unitary matrix has exactly kk eigenvalues in JJ. Let G0,M(k)G_{0,M}(k) denote the proportion of Gram intervals containing exactly kk zeros in the relevant range. Fujii's conjecture. For every kN{0}k\in\mathbb N\cup\{0\},

limNEU(N)(k,J)=limMG0,M(k).\lim_{N\to\infty}E_{U(N)}(k,J)=\lim_{M\to\infty}G_{0,M}(k).

The conjecture proposes a random-matrix model for Gram's Law by identifying the limiting eigenvalue-count distribution with the limiting distribution of zeros among Gram intervals. The source attributes the proposal to A. Fujii and does not state a resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Cătălin Hanga and Christopher Hughes, “Probabilistic models for Gram's Law”, arXiv:1911.03190 (2020).

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