Scheme-theoretic multiplicity formula for pullbacks of higher associated varieties

From papers

Let λ=[λ1,,λn]\lambda=[\lambda_1,\ldots,\lambda_n] be a partition, let m1(λ)m_1(\lambda) denote the multiplicity of its parts equal to 11, and let Fj(λ)\mathcal{F}_j(\lambda) be the family of descendants defined in the paper. For λ=[λ1,,λn]Fj(λ)\lambda'=[\lambda'_1,\ldots,\lambda'_n]\in\mathcal{F}_j(\lambda), let m(λ,λ)m(\lambda',\lambda) be the multiplicity defined by

m(λ,λ)=#{(ι1,,ιn):ιi{0,1}, ι1++ιn=j, [λ1+ι1,,λn+ιn]=[λ1,,λn]}.m(\lambda',\lambda)=\#\{(\iota_1,\ldots,\iota_n):\iota_i\in\{0,1\},\ \iota_1+\cdots+\iota_n=j,\ [\lambda'_1+\iota_1,\ldots,\lambda'_n+\iota_n]=[\lambda_1,\ldots,\lambda_n]\}.

Here Ψd,r\varPsi_{d,r} is the apolar map, CHj(Δλ)\mathrm{CH}_j(\Delta_\lambda) is the relevant higher associated variety, and (Δ(λ1+1,,λn+1))(\Delta_{(\lambda'_1+1,\ldots,\lambda'_n+1)})^{\vee} denotes the dual variety. Scheme-theoretic multiplicity formula. If jnm1(λ)j\leq n-m_1(\lambda), then

Ψd,r1(CHj(Δλ))=λFj(λ)m(λ,λ)Ψd,rj1(CH0(Δλ))=λFj(λ)m(λ,λ)(Δ(λ1+1,,λn+1))\overline{\varPsi_{d,r}^{-1}(\mathrm{CH}_j(\Delta_{\lambda}))}=\bigcup_{\lambda'\in\mathcal{F}_j(\lambda)}m(\lambda',\lambda)\,\overline{\varPsi_{d,r-j}^{-1}(\mathrm{CH}_0(\Delta_{\lambda'}))}=\bigcup_{\lambda'\in\mathcal{F}_j(\lambda)}m(\lambda',\lambda)\,(\Delta_{(\lambda'_1+1,\ldots,\lambda'_n+1)})^{\vee}

with equality holding scheme-theoretically. The formula gives a geometric description of the components and their multiplicities in these pullbacks; it is proposed on the basis of experimental verifications and general considerations about singular loci, and its resolution status is not established in the supplied text.

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Primary source

Maria Chiara Brambilla and Giovanni Staglianò, “Algebraic boundaries among typical ranks for real binary forms of arbitrary degree”, arXiv:1911.01958 (2020).

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