Arratia's divisibility conjecture for prime factors of a uniform random integer

Let N(n)N(n) be uniformly distributed on {1,,n}\{1,\ldots,n\}, with prime factorization

N(n)=pnpCp(n).N(n)=\prod_{p\le n}p^{C_p(n)}.

For each prime pnp\le n, let ZpZ_p be an independent geometric random variable with parameter 1p\frac{1}{p} and range Z0\mathbb{Z}_{\ge 0}, and define

M(n)=pnpZp.M(n)=\prod_{p\le n}p^{Z_p}.

A coupling of M(n)M(n) and N(n)N(n) is a joint construction preserving their respective distributions. Arratia's conjecture. For all n1n\ge 1, it is possible to construct N(n)N(n), M(n)M(n), and a prime P(n)P(n) such that

N(n)M(n)P(n)N(n)\mid M(n)P(n)

always. Equivalently, there exists a coupling such that

pn(Cp(n)Zp)+1\sum_{p\le n}\left(C_p(n)-Z_p\right)^+\le 1

always. The conjecture proposes an especially strong coupling between the dependent prime-factor exponent process of a uniform random integer and its independent geometric limit process; the supplied text does not state whether it has been resolved.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Joseph Squillace, “On the Dependence of the Component Counting Process of a Discrete Uniform Random Variable”, arXiv:1910.12841 (2020).

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