Saad–Wolf commonness conjecture for even-variable linear equations

Let qq be a prime power, let nn be a positive integer, and let k2k\ge 2. Consider the linear equation over Fqn\mathbb{F}_q^n

\na1x1++a2kx2k=0.\na_1x_1+\cdots+a_{2k}x_{2k}=0.

The equation is common if, for every two-coloring of Fqn\mathbb{F}_q^n, the number of monochromatic solutions is at least 212kqn(2k1)2^{1-2k}q^{n(2k-1)}. Saad–Wolf's conjecture. The equation is common in Fqn\mathbb{F}_q^n if and only if the multiset of coefficients {a1,,a2k}\{a_1,\ldots,a_{2k}\} can be partitioned into kk pairs, each pair summing to zero. Saad and Wolf proposed this characterization for linear equations with an even number of variables; the paper's abstract states that the authors characterize common linear equations and that their construction disproves some such properties, but the supplied material does not establish the resolution of this exact conjecture.

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Primary source

Jacob Fox, Huy Tuan Pham and Yufei Zhao, “Common and Sidorenko Linear Equations”, arXiv:1910.06436 (2020).

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